The wine sector is facing the effects of climate change with concern, which has drastically altered the conditions for cultivating vines. The reduction in rainfall, higher temperatures, and phenomena such as tropical nights and heatwaves during grape maturation have sparked a deep debate about the need to convert a traditionally dry-farming agriculture into one that relies on irrigation. In this context, water has become a vital resource to ensure the viability of the sector, to the point that it is now considered "the new liquid gold" by many experts in the field.
In a recent edition of Diálogos La Vanguardia, focused on sustainability and innovation in viticulture, various figures from the sector discussed water management and the solutions being developed to minimize the effects of climate change. Eloi Montcada, cluster manager of INNOVI, emphasized the importance of having "support or survival water" to maintain the quality and uniformity of the harvests. Montcada pointed out that although the water demand for vineyards is much lower compared to other crops like fruit trees, ensuring intelligent water management is essential, using technologies to monitor the exact needs of each plant.
Delfí Sanahuja, technical director of Perelada, shared the experience of his company, which has been using recycled water from the Colera municipal wastewater plant to irrigate its vineyards in L'Empordà since 1997. According to Sanahuja, water is not only crucial to ensure the survival of vines in dry years but also to guarantee stable, high-quality production, preventing weather fluctuations from significantly affecting profitability. For Sanahuja, "those who have water will be able to minimize the inconveniences of recent years."
Joan Josep Puig, general manager of Oller, a company dedicated to cork production, stressed that sustainable water management is key not only for viticulture but also for the cork industry. A study coordinated by the Catalan Institute of Cork Foundation revealed that proper management of cork oak forests improves water infiltration and helps recharge aquifers. Puig highlighted the interdependence between the wine and cork sectors, both closely linked to the landscape and natural environment, and emphasized the need to work together to face climate challenges.
Sarai Sarroca, director of the Catalan Meteorological Service, warned about the arid future awaiting the region, noting that recent years of drought are just a preview of what’s to come. Sarroca advocated for adopting more sustainable agricultural practices, such as organic and regenerative farming, and for a stronger focus on renewable energy. She also suggested adapting vineyards to the new climate conditions by planting more resilient vines and using different planting patterns.
This discussion highlights the importance of finding creative and sustainable solutions in response to the growing water scarcity. While technological innovation advances to manage this resource more efficiently, the future of the wine sector depends on the ability of producers to adapt to an increasingly demanding and uncertain climate.
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